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French Moult is caused by Avian Polyomavirus (APV). This disease was first discovered in budgerigar species, so it is also known as Budgerigar Fledgling Disease (BFD). Infected budgies cannot grow feathers on their abdomen and back. Later on the disease has been found in more and more species such as Macaw , Conure , Eclectus Parrot, Ring-necked Parakeet, Pionite, Lovebird, Lorikeet, Amazon Parrot,African Grey Parrot, Hawk-headed Parrot, Cockatoo, etc. This disease has developed into one of the biggest threat to cage birds at the moment,especially for 2-8 week old new born bird. They are highly susceptible to it due to their immature immune system. Thus, the mortality rate is also high.
Transmission
The disease can be transmitted from one another via blood, feather dust,respiratory secretions, fecal material, parental feeding of the chicks or contact infected environment. Birds that are infected but do not show any obvious symptoms are often responsible for spreading the virus to those in bird stores.
Symptoms
10-15 day old chicks can have sudden death in the absence of any sign.As for adult birds, since they possess stronger immune system, they may overcome the disease before symptoms appear. However, some may be attacked by secondary bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infection and lead to death.Typical symptoms includes, swollen abdomen, depression, loss of appetite,anorexia, weight loss, delayed crop emptying, regurgitation, diarrhea,dehydration, feather abnormalities, hemorrhages under the skin, dyspnea,polyuria, ataxia, tremors, paralysis, acute death, etc.
Diagnosis
There is no effective treatment so far to cure the disease. So, thebest way is to allow young birds to screen for APV as soon as possible. Ifthe bird is found to be positive unfortunately, the bird owner can make hisplan earlier.
The most effective screening method so far is the molecular PCRtechnology. Sometimes even the bird is confirmed to carry APV, it can stilldevelop normal feathers with no obvious symptoms because of the latent periodof the disease. As a result, some other detection methods may not be ablescreen out the disease, leading to diagnostic errors. However, this case willnot happen in PCR test. The virus can still be accurately detected even if wetake normal feathers of a suspected bird during latent period. Thistest is also suitable for birds of any age and breed. Just a fewfeathers (or very small amount of blood) are required.
The video below shows the process of removing feathers from the bird's chest.
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