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• Blood Group B (BGB)
Most cats are belong to blood group A, but group B is quite common in certain breeds. Blood group B cats all have naturally occurring high levels of anti-A antibodies in their blood. If a type B cat were to receive blood from a type A donor, this could cause a severe and even fatal reaction because the immune system would recognize the type A blood as 'foreign' and attack it. Also, any antibodies present in the blood of a queen will be passed to her kitten through milk-feeding. When a type A kitten absorbs milk from her type B mother, the anti-A antibodies from the mother will then destroy the kitten's red blood cells, causing a condition known as Neonatal Isoerythrolysis. Symptoms of affected kittens include jaundice, red-coloured urine and most likely, sudden death. Breeds with high frequency of type B cats (over 25%) includes British shorthair, Exotic shorthair, Ragdoll, Devon Rex.
• Haemophilia B (HB)
Haemophilia B is a hereditary disease caused by deficiencyof clotting factor IX. The deficiency results in excessive bleeding afterinjury or surgery. The disease is a sex-linked recessive trait, whichmeans female carrying one copy of the defective gene does not have symptoms butcan transmit to its offspring. Male with one copy of the defective gene willdevelop excessive bleeding symptom. The treatment is a blood transfusion orplasma until the bleeding stops.
• Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
HCM is an inherited disorder identifies in British Shorthairs, Maine Coons, Ragdolls, and Scottish Fold. It is a condition characterized by thickening of the heart muscle resulting in a reduced volume within the ventricles (major chambers of the heart), thus reducing the volume of blood that the heart can pump with each contraction. Affected animal is at risk of developing congestive heart failure and occasionally sudden death. The mutation does not behave like a simple dominant trait, but rather as a dominant trait within complete penetrance. Cats with one copy of the mutant gene are 1.8 times more likely to develop HCM than normal cats. Cats with two copies of the mutant are generally 18 times more likely to develop HCM than normal cats. About 9% of British Shorthair and 30% of Maine Coon are affected by HCM.
• Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
PKD is the most common inherited cause of kidney failure in cats. PKD mutations have been found in many other cat breeds including Exotics, Himalayans, British Shorthairs, American Shorthairs, Ragdolls and Scottish Fold. The disease shows up later in life (late onset). The cysts usually grow quite slowly in the kidney, so most affected cats will not show any signs of kidney disease until they are older. Problems occur when these cysts start to grow and progressively enlarge the kidney, reducing the kidney's ability to function properly. This usually occurs between 3 and 10 years of age (on average at 7 years of age). However, in some cats kidney failure will occur at a much younger age and at the moment there is no way of predicting how rapidly the disease will progress in any particular cat. Ultimately PKD leads to kidney failure. It is estimated over 37% of Persians have PKD.
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